The ballistic imprinting
July 4th, 2010 Posted in forensic Ballistics, weapons, macrophotography, technology

Striker SIG with sub-millimetric incision (image to the SEM)
The microincision for the fire-arms (in English: microstamping), also said “ballistic imprinting” or “ballistic incision” or “microstamping“ is still that technique that has been developed by the reason of helping the identification of the weapons with forensic ballistics. Developed and patented in 1990 of Todd Lizotte and Orest Ohar, she exploits the use of the technology laser to carve a microscopic marking on the point of the striker or on the face of the breech (or on other parts of the weapon that enter into contact with the case, typically: extractor, espulsore and chamber of cartridge).

Typical hemispheric striker on which the microincised codes have been added
(1) primary serial code; (2) indented secondary code; (3) radial verification code; (4) production code
When the weapon fires the blow, these incisions are transferred by the breech to the bottom of the case because of the pressure generated by the deflagration or it impressed on the dessert bowl of the trigger with the push of the striker. After the shot, the cases are expelled maintaining such microscopic marks recovered by the police and examined by the experts of forensic ballistics, it becomes possible to obtain information to use for tracing the weapon with the production out to the last recorded owner. This technology is obligatory in California for all the weapons produced from the 1st January 2010 (editor's note: the measure results to have been then hung).

Detail to the SEM of a hemispheric striker
Several incisions of the code are noticed: primary, secondary indented, radial of verification.
The ballistic incisions must not be confused with the “ballistic prints“, these last in fact are the prints left by the organs of the weapon: typical for model (prints of class) or detailed bills of the single weapon (peculiar prints). These last are caused preskilfully by marks of working and usury on the parts of the weapon. On the bullet you cause the microstriature at his transit in cane or particular marks left on the case at striker, breech, extractor or espulsore, they return between this prints typology.

Comparing between “ballistic prints” on the bottoms
To notice that on the image to Sx, the cases are of same mark and fire you at the same weapon, the change of the print of the striker is necessary to attribute to the different State lottery of production of the munitions. To Dx, comparing of the prints left by the breech.

Analysis 3D of the print of a striker

Analysis 3D of the micro - striature of a bullet
For the ballistic incisions instead it is a question of appending only codes (essentially a number of series)
on the striker, on the breech, on the espulsore or on the extractor of the weapon. Generally, the most frequent example is that of the striker, but in fact there might be markings in more parts of the weapon. Each mechanical element that strikes or presses against the body of the case is a potential place of “imprinting“ of the codes. This includes the interior of the chamber of cartridge even if in automatic or semiautomatic weapons, during the extrapolation of the case one is still present certain pressure in cane that leads the case itself to the expansion. The abrasion that derives from it, against the walls of the chamber of cartridge, might disturb the final legibility of the code.

Microincisions impressed on the bottom of a case
To Sx the code impressed by the breech, that one impressed by the striker, notices the "indented" additional code to Dx.
The technique of the microincisions has supporters and detractors. In general, the groups that support the control and the limitation of the weapons, assert that the microstamping would allow to go back to the last recorded owner of the weapon whose cases have been discovered on the scene of the crime, the microstamping would let trace also the illegal weapons commerce. For the detractors of this technology instead, the microincisions trace out the last recorded owner of the weapon but not the person who has used her really. In case of a stolen weapon, since it happens for any fire-arms used in the crime, the microincision he would not lead the culprit. Besides, it individualises without scruples they might pick up cases I swerve in the pulling polygons and to put them on the scene of the crime supplying false proofs against innocent persons, distracting also the work of the investigators. The microincisions can be eliminated also easily substituting specific parts of the weapon or, knowing the positioning it, abrading opportunely the codes. At last, the imprinting turns out to be ineffective for the revolvers.

Microincisions for a Glock in 9×19 after 1400 blows
To Sx, the code impressed by the striker on the trigger, to Dx the image of the striker.
The technique is in phase of test, studies led by the developers of the technology, between which a stress test to 2.500 blows, they show a percentage of legible transfer of 100 % (to notice that the typical cycle of life of a military pistol or of police is an order of superior size). Also when the microincision is removed (and this asks for technical knowledge on the positioning of the code, on the mechanics of the fire-arms and the use of utensils) the modification marks are still transferred on the case and identifiable.
More than to the practical and legal lapels of the microincision, we have been made curious by the necessary technique to carry the ballistic imprinting out and the obtained mechanical result, this and from the layout of the system in California the present article has spurted actually. Progressing of the technique promises always new and interesting developments.
Speedy
Fountains on web:
Wikipedia: Free encyclopaedia on Web
Joe Huffman Blog: American Blog on weapons and politics
Forensic Technology: Instrumentation for analysis of forensic ballistics
National Academy of Sciences: doctor. L. Haag - Reliability of the microstamping
Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence: Presentation of Joshua Horwitz
Ballistic study Lopez: Analysis of forensic ballistics






















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6 it comments for “the ballistic imprinting”
Mario on Jul 5, 2010
Very interesting.
Dashamir on Jul 6, 2010
Thank you …. very thank you! You are wonderful!
A hug of Durazzo, Dashamir
Rescuer on Jul 10, 2010
Certainly interesting
Rodrigo on Jan 2, 2011
The article is well done and exhaustively, I find myself, nevertheless, between the detractors of such a technology.
Renato on Jan 20, 2011
It was now that a system as this was adjusted.
Aronne on Oct 19, 2011
interesting technology I am contrary pear tree, of carrying it out in italia, in game the freedom of many possessors of weapons, in case of theft he arms.