Verification of the model of Heydenreich
October 14th, 2009 Posted in internal Ballistics, munitioning, reloading, tools On the article
“Notes of internal ballistics” we have examined the relations of Heydenreich, profits to obtain the principal parametres relative to the internal ballistics of the weapon and of the loading in use.
To have an idea of maxim of the level of accuracy guaranteed at the empiric Heydenreich model, on this article we will make a comparison between a real surveying in monometric cane and the corresponding estimate of the pressure levels and temporal intervals offered by the numerical simulation. For the methodologies of use of the relations of Heydenreich we send back to the preceding article, remember only that they are based on the knowledge of the next parametres:
- Pmax or Rb (I claim pressorio measured or ballistic yield of the dust for the used loading)
- V0 (speed to the flight of the projectile)
- Covered I project length (it run in cane covered at the projectile)
- Dose of the propellant
- Middle internal diameter of the cane
Thanks to the data noticed in cane manometrica, we will make the comparison examining the next loading:
I ream =.45 ACP
Ball = 200gr LSWC
Dust = Sipe-N in dose 5,3gr
OAL = 31,75mm
Sinking palla=6,6mm
350 triggers = ICC
Between five tested cartridges, they have been chosen at random the relative data per second blow as table to be followed:
| It dates test manometrica | ||||
| tc (us) | V1 (m/s) | P1 (bar) | Int (bar*s) | Rt (us) |
| 963 | 262,2 | 758 | 0,367 | 130 |
with:
- tc = cane time in microseconds (or second millionth parts). It is the time that passes between the contact of the striker on the trigger and the exit of the projectile to the flight.
- V1 = speed to the flight (in fact typically taken to 2.5m from her)
- P1 = I claim pressorio in cane
- Int = integral of the curve pressoria. The tinged area at the curve pressione_tempo is tied proportionally to the impulse of total strength applied to the bullet.
- Rt = delay of trigger and lighting. It is the time that passes between the percussion of the trigger and the beginning of the increase of pressure in the chamber to dust of the cartridge (it is considered a threshold equal to 10 % of P1)
For a better comprehension of the data typically noticed during the proofs in monometric cane, we send back to the article: "The proof certificate in monometric cane”.
On the graph to follow, to the curve pressione_tempo noticed in monoprosody (brought back in blue), we put the calculated curve when the empiric coefficients were using Heydenreich (in red), this last one figurative temporarily in the way of two characteristics making coinciding in the peak instant to 758 bars:
Since it is possible to see, the curve pressione_tempo calculated, it brings very well that one real near, also the times of cane (calculated and noticed) result practically coinciding.
The following image shows the curves according to the tempistiche you do not change. There is a middle temporal difference of about 70 microseconds (in default for the calculated curve). Stopping us on the estimate of the time of cane (tc), she will differ from the reality of about-8 %.
From how much shown can we deduce that, in absolute, the tempistiche obtained by means of calculation, can be suffering from errors in some also prominent cases, above all if the sizes to be measured have entity comparable with the time of delay Rt. Such errors are connected certainly with the indeterminateness of the delay of lighting Rt and probably also with the specific division into instalments of slope of the pressure. If instead it becomes a reference to the relative times (values for difference), then I did not connect with the initial instant (t0) of percussion, the results of pressure and temporal interval, they seem to bring near very well the real behaviour (for example. the necessary time to pass from the peak pressure to the pressure to the flight, etc.).
Certainly, in a real verification of the method, they should make themselves numerous comparisons to the change of the n-variables involved in the tests in monometric cane, he understood those tied to the assemblage of the cartridge. As here detachable is not certainly an exhaustive, but alone test a punctual comparison with an order of loading chosen between the possible numerous ones, tightened comparison esclusimamente to supply an idea with maxim on the accuracy of the results.
As far as observed, the Heydenreich model seems to us to bring near in way more than adjusted the real behaviour of the trend pressorio on the time, at least for this that regards the examined test.
Speedy.






















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